A branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops

L.A. Zhdanov Don experimental station

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Federal state budgetary scientific institution «L. A. Zhdanov Don experimental station of V. S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops» was established in 1924 and is one of the oldest scientific establishments of agricultural type in the Southern Federal District.

Today, scientists of the branch are developing new high-yielding varieties and hybrids of oil crops that meet the requirements of agricultural production.

The main directions of breeding and scientific work

  1. Development of fundamentally new parent material with a broad genetic basis for heterosis and classical breeding of oil crops.
  2. Breeding of high-yielding, disease- and pest-resistant varieties and hybrids of oil crops with improved oil quality, adapted to mechanical harvest.
  3. Production of seeds of parental forms of hybrids, super elite, and elite of new varieties of oil crops.
  4. Scientific and methodological management of primary and industrial seed production of hybrids and varieties of oil crops.
  5. Development and introduction of modern cultivation technologies into agricultural production.

Departments

The department of breeding and primary seed production of oil crops
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20
Specialists
1
PHD
The department of breeding and primary seed production of oil crops includes the following laboratories: - Laboratory of sunflower breeding and immunity; - Laboratory of sunflower parent material development; - Laboratory of primary sunflower seed production; - Laboratory of breeding of small-seeded oil crops and soybean. The main objectives: - Development of new parent material of sunflower with a complex of economically important traits in combination with resistance to broomrape and main pathogens, based on this material, the breeding of paternal and maternal lines to develop competitive hybrids of different maturity groups and directions of use; - Development of parent material of sunflower, resistant to herbicides of sulfonylurea and imidazolinone groups; - Development of a new parent breeding material with high combining ability; - Breeding promising parental lines in manual hybridization nurseries; - Breeding of maternal lines with high combining ability, uniform in height and development stages, for obtaining highly heterotic hybrids; - Breeding of seeds of higher reproductions of parental lines, hybrids, and sunflower varieties; - Development of new highly productive, broomrape-resistant sunflower varieties; - Primary seed production of released sunflower varieties; - Obtaining experimental hybrid combinations on isolated plots of free flowering; - Development of new parent breeding material of small-seeded oil crops (oil flax, brown mustard, white mustard, sesame, rapeseed); - Preservation of the gene pool of small-seeded oil crops; - Development of high-yielding varieties of small-seeded oil crops with high oil content, ecological plasticity, economically important traits, biological properties; - Maintaining the primary seed production of released varieties of oil flax, brown mustard, white mustard, safflower, castor, sesame, and winter rapeseed; - Cultivation of seeds of the highest reproductions of small-seeded oil crops. The department of breeding and primary seed production of oil crops is headed by Oleg Fyodorovich Gorbachenko, Doctor of agriculture.
Laboratory of sunflower breeding and immunity
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7
Specialists
Development of new breeding material with complex resistance to the most common sunflower pathogens and, based on this, the selection of promising paternal and maternal lines to produce competitive hybrids. Propagation of promising parental lines in manual hybridization nurseries.
Laboratory of sunflower parent material development
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4
Specialists
Development of new parent breeding material with high combining ability. The selection of maternal lines with high combining ability, uniform in height and development stages to produce highly heterotic hybrids.
Laboratory of breeding of small-seeded oil crops and soybean
More
12
Specialists
Development of new parent breeding material of small-seeded oil crops (oil flax, brown mustard, white mustard, sesame, rapeseed). Preservation of the gene pool of small-seeded oil crops. Development of high-yielding varieties of small-seeded oil crops with high oil content, ecological plasticity, economically important traits, and biological properties. Primary seed production of released varieties of oil flax, brown mustard, white mustard, safflower, castor, sesame, and winter rapeseed. Cultivation of seeds of the highest reproductions of small-seeded oil crops.

About branch

Director Oleg Fyodorovich Gorbachenko Doctor of agriculture

The station was established in 1924 on the basis of the Rostov-Nakhichevan Experimental Station, whose history began in the first decade of the twentieth century. The new station inherited a lot of problems, the most acute of which was the seed problem.

At that time the task before the Don experimental station, as well as before other institutions of that kind, established in the young Republic of Soviets on the initiative of a prominent scientist and researcher Vavilov N. I., was to breed and provide the agricultural farms with high-yielding varieties of grain, industrial, vegetable, fruit, and other crops adapted to local natural conditions. The first oil crop varieties obtained at the Don station by selection method had improved economically important traits but did not yet meet the requirements of farmers.

The change in research work took place in the early 1930s with the emergence of young, talented specialists. Leonid Afanasievich Zhdanov (30.04.1890-27.12.1974), a novice agricultural scientist, who worked as a researcher at the Don experimental station, carried out in-depth experiments with sunflower. He clearly understood that, first of all, farmers needed a variety that was resistant to broomrape. The first such varieties were Zhdanovsky 6432, Zhdanovsky 8281, and Stepnyak, which were resistant to the B race of broomrape.

Leonid Afanasievich Zhdanov was inspired by experiments of Vasily Stepanovich Pustovoit (14.01.1886-11.10.1972), a well-known plant breeder of the country, a scientist of the All-Union Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK). While working on the breeding of disease-resistant sunflower, the Kuban scientist also bred high oil content in the plant, which is the main advantage of the oil crop. The Don researcher was also involved in the same problem at his experimental station.

As a result of his meticulous work, the agronomist succeeded in developing sunflower varieties that were resistant to broomrape. This was an outstanding achievement of the scientist. The oil content of these varieties was increased almost twice while they remained high-yielding. The sowings of these varieties covered an area of 2-2.5 million hectares in pre-war times. Zhdanov was awarded the State Prize of the II degree for the development of high-yielding varieties resistant to broomrape.

L. A. Zhdanov worked at the Don station for more than half a century. He was the first and irreplaceable head of the breeding department. He is rightfully considered the founder of the station, and the head of breeding programs on sunflower, castor, mustard, sesame, oil flax, lallemantia, and safflower. To commemorate the outstanding achievements of the breeder, his name was memorialized and given to the Don experimental station for oil crops.

From 1963 to 1983, the department of breeding was headed by Kartamyshev V. G., Doctor of agriculture, and Fyodor Ivanovich Gorbachenko (12.06.1940-14.06.2020), Doctor of agriculture, Professor, was the head and lead worker of breeding programs for oil crops from 1983 to 2020.

The research, development, and production team of the station continues the remarkable traditions of the older generation in science, applies the achievements of breeding and seed production in the fields, and uses progressive methods of agricultural practices.

As part of international cooperation, the station maintains partnership relations with foreign companies, and breeders of Ukraine, Belarus, Serbia, and Romania. Breeding material is exchanged with V. S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops and its experimental stations, with the Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre of the South-East. Joint breeding work is carried out to develop new hybrid combinations of sunflower and other oil crop varieties adapted to cultivation in a wide range of climatic regions of Russia and the CIS.

Breeders of the station over the years of its work have developed and introduced into production more than 100 varieties, hybrids, and lines of oil crops. 75 varieties were developed over the past 20 years, including 5 varieties, 20 hybrids, and 36 lines of sunflower, 4 varieties of brown mustard, white mustard, 4 varieties of castor, 3 varieties of oil flax, winter rapeseed varieties, and safflower varieties. All of them are patented and included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements admitted for cultivation in various regions of the Russian Federation, in the CIS countries (Ukraine, Belarus, etc.), as well as in Moldova, Romania, and Bulgaria. Varieties and hybrids of the station’s breeding are sown annually in the Russian Federation and CIS countries on an area of about 1 million hectares.

Contacts

The address: 2 Zhdanova street, 346754, vil. Oporny, Azov district, the Rostov region, Russia

Е-mail: post@dos-vniimk.ru gnudos@mail.ru

Full name: L.A. Zhdanov Don experimental station - a branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops

Short name: DES – a branch of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops

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